‘Jackie Brown’ at 20: Revisiting Quentin Tarantino’s Best and Most Underrated Movie

Jackie Brown at 20

Pulp Fiction (’94) changed the face of cinema forever. Though that’s become something of a clichéd declaration amongst cinephiles, the statement nonetheless contains an immeasurable volume of truth. While Quentin Tarantino’s first completed feature, Reservoir Dogs (’91), underperformed in the United States – its foulmouthed, hyper-violent tendencies contributing to a notorious reputation and cult following on VHS – the Sundance darling was a gigantic hit in Europe, with London and Paris theatrical engagements running for months at a time. When Pulp Fiction landed at the Cannes Film Festival, it did so with the impact of an atomic bomb, blowing critics’ minds and making a rock star out of its video store clerk turned geek chic co-writer/director.

Pulp Fiction was produced for a cool $8 million, going on to gross over $200 million worldwide. It caused a ruckus at Cannes, winning the festival’s highest honor while one onlooker screamed “scandal!” from the back row, flipping its director the bird. Miramax Films was instantly dubbed “the house that Tarantino built,” as the indie label now had the clout (not to mention the capital) to start chasing Oscar contenders it became notorious for representing throughout the rest of its Weinstein-headed existence. A wave of imitators flooded in – just look at something like 2 Days In the Valley (’96) for the most shameless example – and everyone wondered what Tarantino would do to follow up his self-aware filmic pop amalgamation.

The answer wasn’t as simple as everyone thought when Jackie Brown (’97) premiered on Christmas Day three years later.

Just as he’d drawn from the art and exploitation films he began watching at eight years of age – when (legend has it) his parents took him to see Mike Nichols’ Carnal Knowledge (’71), then a double bill of Deliverance (’72) and The Wild Bunch (’69) the next year – to write his own Pulp Fiction by hand, he looked to the collaborations of Jack Hill and Pam Grier (whom he’d recruit to star as the titular aging flight attendant) as inspiration. Blaxploitation pictures like Foxy Brown (’74) were fused with Akira Kurosawa’s Rashomon (’50); a synthesis of high and low-brow that he grafted onto the laid-back prose of crime author Elmore Leonard, whose Rum Punch became the source for what still stands as QT’s most human, emotionally affecting work.

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Rum Punch

Originally published in ’92, Elmore Leonard’s Rum Punch is another of his Florida hang out noirs. Set in Miami, Florida, the novel follows a 44-year-old black stewardess, working on a puddle jumper airline, flying into and out of Jamaica. The job acts as a cover to smuggle money for gunrunner Ordell Robbie; yet on her latest trip, Jackie gets busted by local cops, working a sting on Robbie with the aid of ATF Agent Ray Nicolette. After getting bailed out by Ordell, she tries to dig herself out of the hole by participating in a score to get the rest of the crook’s money back into the U.S. Only Jackie conspires with bail bondsman Max Cherry to try and swindle Robbie out of the money, so she can stop living this bottom rung life she’s been stuck in for seemingly forever.

The only adaptation on Tarantino’s resume to date, Jackie Brown was the middle movie in a ‘90s Leonard revival that saw his baked pulp transmuted into cinematic Maui Wowie. Two years earlier, John Travolta parlayed the “comeback” role Tarantino had gifted him in Pulp Fiction – dancing hitman Vincent Vega – into another silly lug in Barry Sonnenfeld’s big screen iteration of Get Shorty (’95). The year after Jackie Brown, Steven Soderbergh recruited George Clooney and Jennifer Lopez into his own cool comedy, Out of Sight (’98), which also featured Michael Keaton reprising his QT role of Ray Nicolette (while screenwriter Scott Frank penned both Shorty and Sight). It was a high-water mark in terms of the medium showing Leonard’s words the respect they deserve, as the only reworkings of his novels that could even be included in the qualitative conversation with these three up to this point were Abel Ferrara’s Cat Chaser (’89) and John Frankenheimer’s 52 Pick-Up (’86).

The bulk of Rum Punch remains intact on screen, only Tarantino transplants all the action from Leonard’s Miami beaches to Compton and the San Fernando Valley stomping grounds of Pulp Fiction (not to mention Ordell’s banks from Jamaica to Mexico). With the aid of cinematographer Guillermo Navarro – who shot From Dusk Till Dawn (’96) for QT’s filmic brother, Robert Rodriguez (which also featured Tarantino in a prominent role) – and trusty editor Sally Menke (who cut all of his films up until her death in ’09), Leonard’s text was easily transported into Quentin’s universe. For all the audience knew, Jackie could’ve been pulling the heist of her life right down the street from Marcellus Wallace’s joint, where Red Apple cigarettes are sold behind the bar.

Yet it’s Tarantino’s usual fast-talking attitude – not to mention his personally curated collection of obscure soul hits from the ‘70s – that truly sells us on Jackie Brown being another one of his singular works. From the moment the title streaks across the screen, with Jackie magically floating through the airport as Bobby Womack wails the theme song to Blax staple Across 110th Street (‘72), we know we’re safely in the master’s hands, all while he subtly conveys the themes of the movie without anyone spitting a line of his trademark dialogue. Here’s a working girl who goes from walking to running, just to make her plane. Because if she misses it, that’s one paycheck she can’t cash, and another day lost in this unfair rat race. When relief hits Jackie’s face as she reaches the gate, we’re just as happy as she is, because Tarantino and Grier have already told us so much about this strong, struggling black woman, and there’s still one hundred and fifty blissful minutes to go.

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Ordell Robbie and the Miracle of Samuel L. Jackson

Samuel L. Jackson and Quentin Tarantino are one of the more underrated actor/director pairings in the history of cinema. Starting with his Oscar nominated turn as Jheri -curled, scripture quoting man of violence Jules Winnfield in Pulp Fiction, Jackson found a consummate collaborator in QT that he’d been lacking up to this point in his already lengthy career. For certain, the ‘90s had already been kind to Jackson – appearing in Jurassic Park (’93), Die Hard With A Vengeance (’95), and The Long Kiss Goodnight (’96) – but nobody had really tapped into Jackson’s movie star potential quite like Tarantino. Until Jules, he’d mostly been an “everyman” character actor, able to play Jack Ryan’s best buddy in Patriot Games (’92), and an alcoholic, speed-chess champion father in Fresh (’94) with equal ease.

However, as iconic as Jackson was, screaming about “great vengeance and furious anger” before blowing Brett’s head off in Pulp Fiction, Ordell Robbie may be the more complicated of the two roles to pull off. Sporting an array of Kangol caps, a ponytail, and radiating smoldering menace while still being obnoxiously charming (often in the same scene), Tarantino’s script calls for us to hang out with Robbie for a good deal of the picture, even though we’re scared of him. As he watches girls in bikinis shoot AK-47s with his right-hand homie Louis (Robert De Niro – in what may be the last great performance of his career), and stoner surfer gal mistress, Melanie (Bridget Fonda), Jackson makes damn sure we don’t miss a moment of the character’s charisma, commenting in his first scene about how a Tech Nine actually advertises that it’s “the most popular gun in American crime.” (Can you believe that shit?)

Fascinating is the fact that, before Jackson started landing higher profile roles in big budget genre pictures, he mostly worked in Spike Lee movies (including Lee’s landmarks Do the Right Thing [‘89] and Jungle Fever [‘91]). Lee was hyper-critical of Tarantino leading up to the release of Jackie Brown, railing against the iconoclastic writer/director’s use racial slurs in his numerous screenplays. Pointing out that the epithet is used thirty-eight times in Jackie Brown, Lee told Variety in ‘97, “I’m not against the word, and I use it, but not excessively. And some people speak that way. But, Quentin is infatuated with that word. What does he want to be made – an honorary black man?”

Lee’s usual rabble rousing struck a chord with Jackson, who stuck up for Tarantino in the press. “Black artists think they are the only ones allowed to use the word,” Jackson told Jet Magazine at the time. “Well, that’s bull. This film is a wonderful homage to Black exploitation films (of the ‘70s). This is a good film. And Spike hasn’t made one of those in a few years.” Jackson stopped working with Lee due to the beef, until the two reunited on the director’s ’13 remake of the Korean thriller, Oldboy (’03). Not that it matters, but one can’t help but wonder if the topic of Django Unchained (’12) – Tarantino’s Black Western – ever came up between the two, let alone the fact that Tarantino has since publicly labeled Lee a “racist.” Probably not, as Jackson – being a steadfast professional – is perhaps happy to simply lend his exceptional persona and talents to two of America’s greatest filmmakers.

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